Hazrat Babajan, a Pathan from the Afghan territories, arrived at Poona in the early years of the twentieth century. In this British Raj city, until her death in 1931, she lived under a tree in the ascetic mode of a Muslim faqir. Her early life is obscure, and set against the background of nineteenth century North India. This is the only detailed and annotated work on the subject, superseding the author's early book A Sufi Matriarch (1986). The substance and significance of Babajan's life are recounted and assessed here. Her Sufi orientation is evident, though she was independent of the Sufi orders. The nature of this independence is investigated in a chapter on the distinctive and radical qalandar tradition. The author also addresses the topic of Sufi women over the centuries, a largely uncharted subject, which has evocative historical and social significances. Babajan attracted many Muslim devotees, and a number of Hindu and Zoroastrian followers. Indeed, the tremendous public response to her funeral serves to prove her remarkable impact on British Raj Poona.